ABSTRACT
Se presenta un recuento histórico de los 30 años de la especialidad médica de Gestión en Salud en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. La especialidad fue creada en 1988 como Medicina General Integral en respuesta a la escasez de médicos especialistas en gestión. El nombre de la especialidad se mantuvo hasta 1994, cuando cambia a Medicina Integral y Gestión en Salud para enfatizar su orientación gerencial. En 2002, se modifica el plan curricular considerando la importancia de tener una especialización médica exclusiva de gestión para el sector salud. La especialidad es pionera en una formación gradual en tres niveles: microgestión, mesogestión y macrogestión. El nuevo plan curricular permitió a los residentes la posibilidad de mejores rotaciones en instituciones públicas y privadas. A partir del 2007, la especialidad es denominada Gestión en Salud, cuyos médicos especialistas mantienen su sólida formación para desempeñarse en los procesos de decisión, conducción, dirección y operatividad de los sistemas de salud. La visión de los creadores de la especialidad se encuentra vigente, los especialistas de Gestión en Salud se desempeñan en las diferentes instituciones del sistema de salud, aportando sus conocimientos y habilidades, y generando un impacto en la salud de la población peruana.
A historical account of the 30 years of the medical major of Health Management at Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos is presented. The major was created in 1988 as Comprehensive General Medicine in response to the shortage of management specialists. The name of the major remained until 1994, when it changed to Integral Medicine and Health Management to emphasize its managerial orientation. In 2002, the curricular plan was modified considering the importance of having an exclusive medical specialization in management for the health sector. The specialty is a pioneer in a gradual education in three levels: micro-management, meso-management, and macro-management. The new curricular plan allowed residents the possibility to access better rotations at public and private institutions. Since 2007, the major is labeled Health Management, and its specialists maintain their solid training that enables them to perform in the decision-making, management, administration, and operation processes of the health systems. The vision of the creators of this major is current to this day; Health Management specialists work in the different institutions of the health system, contributing their knowledge and skills, and generating an impact on the health of the Peruvian population.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Schools, Medical , Universities , Health Services Administration , Education, Medical , Peru , Time Factors , Health Services Administration/history , Curriculum , Education, Medical/historyABSTRACT
SUMMARY Feral pigeons (Columbia livia) live in close contact with humans and other animals. They can transmit potentially pathogenic and zoonotic agents. The objective of this study was to isolate and detect strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuniof urban feral pigeons from an area of Lima, Peru. Fresh dropping samples from urban parks were collected for microbiological isolation of E. coli strains in selective agar, and Campylobacterby filtration method. Molecular identification of diarrheagenic pathotypes of E.coliand Campylobacter jejuni was performed by PCR. Twenty-two parks were sampled and 16 colonies of Campylobacter spp. were isolated. The 100% of isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni. Furthermore, 102 colonies of E. coli were isolated and the 5.88% resulted as Enteropathogenic (EPEC) type and 0.98% as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). The urban feral pigeons of Lima in Peru can act as a reservoir or carriers of zoonotic potentially pathogenic enteric agents.
RESUMO Os pombos selvagens (Columbia livia) vivem em estreito contato com os seres humanos e outros animais. Podem transmitir agentes potencialmente patogênicos e zoonóticos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram isolar e detectar cepas de Escherichia coli diarreiogênica e Campylobacter jejuni de pombos selvagens urbanos de uma área de Lima, Peru. Amostras de fezes frescas foram coletadas em parques urbanos para o isolamento microbiológico para cepas de E. coli em ágar seletivo e Campylobacterpor método de filtração. Identificação molecular de patótipos diarreiogênicos de E. coli e Campylobacter jejuni foi realizado por PCR. Vinte e dois parques foram amostrados e 16 colônias de Campylobacter spp. foram isolados. O 100% dos isolados foram identificados como Campylobacter jejuni. Além disso, 102 colônias de E. coli foram isoladas e 5,88% resultaram como tipo enteropatogênico (EPEC) e 0,98% como produtora de toxina Shiga (STEC). Os pombos selvagens urbanos de Lima no Peru podem atuar como reservatório ou ser portador de agentes zoonóticos entéricos potencialmente patogênicos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Campylobacter jejuni/isolation & purification , Columbidae/microbiology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Campylobacter jejuni/pathogenicity , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Feces/microbiology , Peru , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Urban Population , Virulence Factors/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We undertook this study to establish the incidence of dumping syndrome after partial or total gastric resection and its association with patient's preoperative nutritional status as well as the clinical behavior with dietary management during a short-term follow-up period. METHODS: This was a prospective study of consecutive patients >30 years of age and who were submitted to gastrectomy for gastric cancer or complicated ulceropeptic disease during a 48-month period in a highly specialized hospital. RESULTS: A total of 42 patients were evaluated with a slight female predominance (n = 22, 52.4%). Twenty-nine cases (69%) had subtotal gastrectomy and 13 (31%) had a total gastrectomy. Patients had a medium age of 54.38 +/- 7.56 vs. 66 +/- 13.99 years, respectively (p = 0.034). Reconstruction techniques were Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy in 70% and Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy in 28.5%. We found dumping syndrome in 45% of the cases associated with acute or chronic undernutrition (p = 0.003). Fifty-three percent of the patients with dumping syndrome improved with adequate dietetic manipulation during a follow-up period of 211 days. CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of reconstructions were performed with dysfunctionalized small bowel segments, the incidence of dumping syndrome was 45%. Patient's preoperative nutritional status influenced the presence of clinical manifestations. Adequate dietary management reduced, in 53% of the patients, the presence of dumping symptoms during a short-term follow-up period.